When discussing wine, the term “Old World” refers to the traditional winemaking regions of Europe and has been in use since the mid-1800s. This type of wine is made according to centuries-old winemaking traditions and often in limited quantities. The result of this adherence to tradition is wines that tend to be more balanced and complex, with a lower alcohol content than their New World counterparts.
The term “New World” refers to wine-producing regions outside of Europe, such as Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Chile, and the United States. These regions often employ new techniques and technologies when producing wine, resulting in wines that tend to have higher levels of alcohol and feature bolder flavors.
No matter the region, all wine can be divided into four primary categories: red, white, rosé, and sparkling. Let’s explore each one in greater detail.
Red wines are made by fermenting and aging grape juice with its skins intact. This results in deeper, fuller body wines with tannins—phenolic compounds that give the wine structure and complexity—that vary from mild to intense. Reds from Old World countries tend to have lower alcohol levels and less intense tannins than those from New World regions.
White wines, on the other hand, are made by fermenting the must—the juice of the grapes—without allowing any contact with the skins and seeds. The result is light-bodied wines that range in flavor from vibrant and citrusy to buttery and oaky. White wines from Old World countries typically display a more subtle flavor profile, while those from New World regions tend to offer higher levels of acidity and fruit intensity.
Rosé wines, sometimes known as blush wines, are made by fermenting red grapes with minimal contact with the skins, resulting in a wine with a pinkish hue and flavors ranging from fruity to earthy. Old World rosés tend to be softer and lighter-bodied, while those from New World regions usually have higher alcohol levels and more intense flavors.
Finally, sparkling wines are produced by combining base wines with carbon dioxide or yeast. These wines can range from light and fruity to dry and mineral-driven and are often enjoyed for celebrations or special occasions. Old World sparklings tend to possess more of a minerality, while those from New World regions are often sweeter and have higher levels of carbonation.
No matter what one’s preference, there is a wine from either the Old World or New World that will satisfy the palate. Whether it’s a nuanced red from France, a crisp, citrusy white from California, a refreshing rosé from Spain, or a luxurious sparkling from Italy, the world of wine has something delicious for everyone.
For those looking to explore daring new flavors, hybrid wines can offer an exciting twist on both Old and New World winemaking. Hybrid wines combine traditional winemaking methods with modern techniques, creating a unique flavor profile with characteristics of both Old and New World styles. As with any wine, the flavor profile can vary greatly depending on the blend, but some common aromas and flavors found in hybrid wines include raspberry, rose petal, blackberry, cream, and chocolate.
Fortified wines are also worth noting due to their intense sweetness, high alcohol content, and long shelf life. Fortified wines such as port and sherry are made by adding a distilled spirit, such as brandy or vodka, to the base wine during fermentation. This causes the fermentation process to stop prematurely, resulting in a sweet yet strong wine that pairs wonderfully with desserts and cheeses.
Organic wines are gaining in popularity for the environmentally conscious consumer. Organic wines are made from grapes grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers, genetic modifications, or chemical treatments. To be certified organic, the wine must also contain no added sulfites. While organic wines can range in flavor from dry to sweet, they typically have an earthy character that stems from the natural terroir of the grapevines.
For those who prefer their wines on the sweeter side, dessert wines may be the way to go. Dessert wines are made with grapes that have had a higher-than-normal amount of sugar added before fermentation. This results in a sweet, flavorful wine that pairs perfectly with after-dinner treats. From light and fruity muscats to rich and luxurious icewine, there is a dessert wine for every palate.
Another class of wine that is becoming increasingly popular is biodynamic wines. Biodynamic wines are made from grapes that are grown according to principles of sustainability and ethical farming, often including the use of natural composts and alternative pest management systems. These natural methods enhance the flavors of the wines, resulting in wines with complex and unique character.
When seeking out the perfect bottle of wine, it’s important to consider both the Old and New World winemaking processes, as well as the various types of wines available. From subtle, nuanced reds to full-bodied whites and sparkling sparklers, there is a wine for every taste and occasion. Whether you’re in the mood for something bold and expressive or light, crisp, and refreshing, the perfect bottle is out there waiting to be uncorked.
